As the primary payer for long-term services and supports (LTSS), state Medicaid programs provide care for millions of older Americans and individuals with disabilities, which is currently unavailable or unaffordable in Medicare and the private health insurance market. This unique position within the health system presents challenges for states in controlling LTSS costs while ensuring that the most vulnerable receive good care and have the highest quality of life as they age. Improving the Health and Well-Being of the Nation’s Aging Population: Considerations for Governors provides considerations for governors and state leaders as they design and implement strategies to meet the needs of the growing population of older adults and individuals with disabilities who require LTSS.